Pigments don't survive fossilization; even though we have fossil skin from dinosaurs, we don't know what color they were. But fossilization does preserve structure. Specimens from a rare cache of 50-million-year-old beetle fossils still show the microscopic layers that produced structural colors in the living creatures, and we can deduce the colors from an understanding of thin-film interference. One fossil showed 80 nm plates of fossilized chitin (modern samples have index of refraction n = 1.56) embedded in fossilized tissue (for which we can assume n = 1.33). What is the longest wavelength for which there is constructive interference for reflections from opposite sides of the chitin layers?

wavelength variability is the right one

not moving. pos accel,

force is based upon mass and acceleration.the statement is not always true.

it can be explained from newton's second law of motion.

as per newton's second law of motion the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place along the direction of force.

mathematically it can be written as -

                                              ⇒      

here   k is the proportionality constant whose value is 1.

                                                            [a is the acceleration=dv/dt]

hence we see that force not only depends on mass and acceleration but also on velocity and rate of change of mass. force f will depend on mass and acceleration only when mass is constant.

hence the statement that force is based upon mass and acceleration is false.