A 1 mm diameter of the cylindrical soruce of co 60 used in cobalt 60 unit of the source to diaphragm distance is 40 cm and soruce to surface distance is 1m the penumbra at 10 cm depth is​

If two metal balls each have a charge of -10^-6 c and the repulsive force between them is 1 n, how far apart are they? (coulomb's constant is k = 9.0x 10^9 n-m^2/c^2? 9.5 m 9.0 mm 9.5 cm 0.9 m .

Which describes an image that can be produced by a concave lens? the image is real and smaller than the object. the image is virtual and larger than the object. the image is virtual and smaller than the object. the image is real and larger than the object.

In a thunderstorm, charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. for the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. the point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. this breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. the ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. in addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. these two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. take the breakdown electric field of air to be eb=3.00ă—106n/c. part a estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached. express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using ďµ0=8.85ă—10â’12c2/(nâ‹…m2) .