If a spear is thrown at a fish swimming in a lake, it will often miss the fish completely. why does this happen?

a.
a reflection of the fish appears on the surface of the water causing it to appear very shallow.
b.
the water diffracts the light causing three or more images of the fish to be seen.
c.
refraction of light between the air and water causes the fish to appear in a different location..
d.
the fish sees the light produced by the spear and knows which direction to move.