If the student has a thermometer that detects differences of 1LaTeX: ^\circ∘C or greater, will they be able to measure a difference in temperature after adding the aluminum to the water?

the answer is b, have negligible mass

the answer is false. this is because for ice to melt, it requires latent heat of melting. latent heat means heat energy required to change phase without any increase in temperatures. therefore, the ice will take energy from the environment to melt hence atmospheric temperatures will reduce.

the moving of the box is a result of centripetal force. think of that  as a car or a truck in this case creates a turn, the force of friction performing upon the turned wheels of the car runs centripetal force obligatory for circular motion for the things inside it.