Read the passage below and answer the question. Whether change takes place rapidly or slowly, the laws and principles that nature follows in today’s world, such as gravity, also applied in the geologic past. For example, the meteorite that likely killed the dinosaurs affected the ocean, the atmosphere, and life according to the same laws and behaviors of physics, chemistry, and biology we can observe in nature and verify by experimentation today.

Which of the principles below does this passage best describe?

a. catastrophism
b. gradualism
c. uniformitarianism
d. speciation

An charge with mass m and charge q is emitted from the origin, (x,y)=(0,0). a large, flat screen is located at x=l. there is a target on the screen at y position y(h), where y(h) > 0. in this problem, you will examine two different ways that the charge might hit the target. ignore gravity in this problem. 1.assume that the charge is emitted with velocity v(0) in the positive x direction. between the origin and the screen, the charge travels through a constant electric field pointing in the positive y direction. what should the magnitude e of the electric field be if the charge is to hit the target on the screen? express your answer in terms of m, q, y(h), v(0), and l. 2.now assume that the charge is emitted with velocity v(0) in the positive y direction. between the origin and the screen, the charge travels through a constant electric field pointing in the positive x direction. what should the magnitude e of the electric field be if the charge is to hit the target on the screen? express your answer in terms of m, q, y(h), v(0), and l.