Question 8: Unspooling Thread (100 points) A 110 g spool of thread with a 4.2 cm radius is held up by a peg through its center and allowed to freely rotate. Assume the thread is ideal (i. e., it does not stretch or slip, and its mass is negligibly small). A 160 g needle is tied to the loose end of the thread. The needle is dropped, and it accelerates to the floor as the thread unwinds. Find the tension in the thread and the magnitude of the acceleration of the needle as it falls.

   a = 7.29 m / s²,      T = 0.40 N

Explanation:

To solve this exercise we must apply Newton's second law to each body

The needle

              W -T = m a

              mg - T = ma

The spool, which we will approach by a cylinder

             Σ τ = I α

             T R = I α

the moment of inertia of a cylinder with an axis through its center is

             I = ½ M R²

angular and linear variables are related

            a = α R

            α = a / R

we substitute

           T R = (½ M R²) a / R

            T = ½ M a

we write our system of equations together

              mg - T = m a

                      T = ½ M a

we solve

              m g = (m + ½ M) a

              a =

let's calculate

              a =

              a = 7.29 m / s²

now we can look for the tension

              T = ½ M a

              T = ½ 0.110 7.29

               T = 0.40 N

answer: option c. i.e. electric current flowing “downhill” from the negative electrode to the positive electrode in a battery

explanation:

the water analogy to the circuits define the pipes (water flows) to the electric current. now, we know that the electric current flows from the positive terminal to the circuit (as shown in the diagram attached).

hence, option c is the correct answer.

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