Why does speed have a greater affect on kinetic energy than mass?

Kinetic Energy = 1/2 mv^2

So definitely doubling the velocity would have a greater effect on Kinetic Energy because velocity is squared in the formula.

Example: M=2kg and V=2 m/s

KE = 1/2 * 2* 2^2 =4

Now if you double the mass, it will become 4 kg in the formula, but if you double the velocity, it will 16 m/s in the formula.

Because kinetic energy is proportional to the velocity squared, increases in velocity will have an exponentially greater effect on translational kinetic energy. Doubling the mass of an object will only double its kinetic energy, but doubling the velocity of the object will quadruple its velocity.

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