A ball of mass m=10g, carrying a charge q =-20μe is suspended from a string of length L= 0.8m above a horizontal uniformly charged infinite plane sheet of charge density σ = 4μe/m^2. The ball is displaced from the vertical by an angle and allowed to swing from rest. Required:
a. Obtain the equations of motion of the charged ball based on Newtonian laws of motion.
b. Assume the displaced angle θ is small and simplify the results obtained in part (a) to obtain the frequency of oscillations of the charged ball.

a)       =  

b)     f = 2π    

Explanation:

a) To have the equations of motion, let's use Newton's second law.

Let's set a reference system where the x-axis is parallel to the path and the y-axis is in the direction of tension of the rope.

For this reference system the tension is in the direction of the y axis, we must decompose the weight and the electrical force.

Let's use trigonometry for the weight that is in the vertical direction down

             sin θ = Wₓ / W

             cos θ = W_y / w

             Wₓ = W sin θ

             W_y = W cos θ

we repeat for the electric force that is vertical upwards

              F_{ex} = F_e sin θ

              F_{ey} = F_e cos θ

the electric force is

               F_e = q E

where the field created by an infinite plate is

               E =  

let's write Newton's second law

Y  axis  

           T - W_y = 0

            T = W cos θ

X axis

            F_{ex} - Wₓ = m a                   (1)

we use that the acceleration is related to the position

            a = dv / dt

            v = dx / dt

where x is the displacement in the arc of the curve

substituting

            a = d² x /dt²

we substitute in 1

           q E sin θ - mg sin θ = m

we have angular (tea) and linear (x) variables, if we remember that angles must be measured in radians

           θ = x / R

           x = R θ

we substitute

           sin θ (q E - mg) = m \frac{d^2 R \ theta}{dt^2}  

          =  

this is the equation of motion of the system

b) for small oscillations

         sin θ = θ

therefore the solution is simple harmonic

      θ = θ₀ cos (wt + Ф)

if derived twice, we substitute

- ( g - \frac{q}{m} \frac{\sigma }{ 2 \epsilon_o}  ) \frac{\theta}{R } θ₀ cos (wt + Ф) = -w² θ₀ cos (wt + Ф)

       w² =   -  

angular velocity is related to frequency

       w = 2π f

        f = 2π / w

        f = 2π/w

        f = 2π    

it doesn't. it was imagined up in the middle ages.

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