1kg of a fluid is contained in a cylinder at an initial pressure of 20bar. The fluid is allowed to expand reversibly behind a piston according to the c = pv² until the volume is doubled. The
fuid is then cooled reversibly at constant pressure until the volume is doubled. The fluid is
then cooled reversibly at a constant pressure until the piston regains its original position heat
is then supplied reversibly with the piston firmly locked in position until the pressure rises to
the original value of 20bar. Calculate the networkdone by the fluid, for an initial volume of
0.05m³.​

Chapter 23, problem 075 the figure shows a geiger counter, a device used to detect ionizing radiation (radiation that causes ionization of atoms). the counter consists of a thin, positively charged central wire surrounded by a concentric, circular, conducting cylindrical shell with an equal negative charge. thus, a strong radial electric field is set up inside the shell. the shell contains a low-pressure inert gas. a particle of radiation entering the device through the shell wall ionizes a few of the gas atoms. the resulting free electrons (e) are drawn to the positive wire. however, the electric field is so intense that, between collisions with gas atoms, the free electrons gain energy sufficient to ionize these atoms also. more free electrons are thereby created, and the process is repeated until the electrons reach the wire. the resulting "avalanche" of electrons is collected by the wire, generating a signal that is used to record the passage of the original particle of radiation. suppose the radius of the central wire is 24 âµm, the inner radius of the shell 2.3 cm, and the length of the shell 14 cm. if the electric field at the shell's inner wall is 2.8 ă— 104 n/c, what is the total positive charge on the central wire?