What is the membrane potential of mitochondria if at 37 C pH is equal to 9 inside mitochondria, and pH=7 outside?

Given the position vector of the particle r(t)=(t+1)i+(t^2−1)j+2t k, find the particle's velocity and acceleration vectors at t=1

What are similarities and differences between refraction, reflection, diffraction and absorption?

30 points - when can a theory be modified if a new type of technology allows for new observations that raise new questions? a. immediately, while the questions about the theory are being asked b. after new hypotheses related to the theory are tested in experiments c. only after the new observations disprove all parts of the theory d. while scientists begin to think about how the theory could improve