Ayúdame por favor es para hoy se lo suplico y no entiendo nada ayuda

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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electric field is a function of 1/r^2

yes, the force per unit charge for a point charge is inverse square law.