The valence of an element or radical is
a. not related to the number of positive or negative charges on the ion.
b. greater than the number of positive or negative charges on the ion.
c. equal to the number of positive or negative charges on the ion.
d. less than the number of positive or negative charges on the ion.

The valence of an element or radical is equal to the number of positive or negative charges on the ion.

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as we probably am aware that our atmosphere or air have various levels, each level has different gasses, and each gas has another porousness. at the point when the light originates from lower porousness to higher penetrability, it alters its course. with the goal that implies that when the light originates from the moon to the earth, it alters it's course a lot more occasions. it essentially implies that the state of the light piece of the moon is changed on the earth.

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h o h o hope you have a merry christmas!