Particle A of charge 2.76 10-4 C is at the origin, particle B of charge -6.54 10-4 C is at (4.00 m, 0), and particle C of charge 1.02 10-4 C is at (0, 3.00 m). We wish to find the net electric force on C. What is the x component of the electric force?

a) F_net = 30.47 N ,   θ = 10.6º

b)  Fₓ = 29.95 N

Explanation:

For this exercise we use coulomb's law

          F₁₂ = k

the direction of the force is on the line between the two charges and the sense is repulsive if the charges are equal and attractive if the charges are different.

As we have several charges, the easiest way to solve the problem is to add the components of the force in each axis, see attached for a diagram of the forces

X axis

        Fₓ =

Y axis  

       Fy =

let's find the magnitude of each force

      = 9 10⁹ 2.76 10⁻⁴ 1.02 10⁻⁴ / 3²

      F_{ab} = 2.82 10¹ N

      F_{ab} = 28.2 N

      = 9 10⁹ 6.54 10⁻⁴ 1.02 10⁻⁴ / 4²

      F_{bc} = 3.75 10¹  N

       F_{bc} = 37.5 N

let's use trigonometry to decompose this force

      tan θ = y / x

      θ = tan⁻¹ and x

       θ= tan⁻¹ ¾

      θ = 37º

let's break down the force

      sin 37 = F_{bcy} / F_{bc}

      F_{bcy} = F_{bc} sin 37

      F_{bcy} = 37.5 sin 37

      F_{bcy} = 22.57 N

      cos 37 = F_{bcx} /F_{bc}

      F_{bcx} = F_{bc} cos 37

      F_{bcx} = 37.5 cos 37

      F_{bcx} = 29.95 N

let's do the sum to find the net force

X axis

        Fₓ = 29.95 N

Axis y

        Fy = 28.2 -22.57

        Fy = 5.63 N

we can give the result in two ways

a)  F_net = Fₓ i ^ + j ^

    F_net = 29.95 i ^ + 5.63 j ^

b) in the form of module and angle

let's use the Pythagorean theorem

    F_net =

    F_net = √(29.95² + 5.63²)

     F_net = 30.47 N

we use trigonometry for the direction

      tan θ=

      θ = tan⁻¹ \frac{ F_{y}  }{  F_{x} }

      θ = tan⁻¹ (5.63 / 29.95)

      θ = 10.6º

relativism, roughly put, is the view that truth and falsity, right and wrong, standards of reasoning, and procedures of justification are products of differing conventions and frameworks of assessment and that their authority is confined to the context giving rise to them. more precisely, “relativism” covers views which maintain that—at a high level of abstraction—at least some class of things have the properties they have (e.g., beautiful, morally good, epistemically justified) not simpliciter, but only relative to a given framework of assessment (e.g., local cultural norms, individual standards), and correspondingly, that the truth of claims attributing these properties holds only once the relevant framework of assessment is specified or supplied. relativists characteristically insist, furthermore, that if something is only relatively so, then there can be no framework-independent vantage point from which the matter of whether the thing in question is so can be established.

relativism has been, in its various guises, both one of the most popular and most reviled philosophical doctrines of our time. defenders see it as a harbinger of tolerance and the only ethical and epistemic stance worthy of the open-minded and tolerant. detractors dismiss it for its alleged incoherence and uncritical intellectual permissiveness. debates about relativism permeate the whole spectrum of philosophical sub-disciplines. from ethics to epistemology, science to religion, political theory to ontology, theories of meaning and even logic, philosophy has felt the need to respond to this heady and seemingly subversive idea. discussions of relativism often also invoke considerations relevant to the very nature and methodology of philosophy and to the division between the so-called “analytic and continental” camps in philosophy. and yet, despite a long history of debate going back to plato and an increasingly large body of writing, it is still difficult to come to an agreed definition of what, at its core, relativism is, and what philosophical import it has. this entry attempts to provide a broad account of the many ways in which “relativism” has been defined, explained, defended and criticized.

explanation:

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