How Could The movements of objects across the sky have led people to the conclusion that earth is the center of the universe

What we see in the sky

Where are they in the general context of the overview of the Universe?

With the naked eye, the main astronomical objects we can see are the Sun, the Moon, the stars, and some of the planets

All of the stars we see are in the Milky Way galaxy, most of them relatively close to the Sun.

The stars we see in the sky come in a range of brightnesses, partly because stars come in different intrinsic brightnesses, and partly because some are closer than others.

When we look at an astronomical object ``by eye'', we can't tell just by looking how far away it is (because not all objects have the same intrinsic brightness). All we can see is what direction it is in.

As a result, when looking ``by eye'', the positions of stars on the sky are described by their direction only; you can imagine that the sky is a big sphere with astronomical objects located at different positions on it. This is called the celestial sphere

The positions of the stars can be described with a sort of astronomical longitude and latitude, called right ascension and declination.

Constellations are patterns of stars seen in the sky. However, although the stars in any constellation are all in the same general direction in the sky, the different stars in a constellation may be at very different distances from Earth, hence constellations may not be real associations of stars in space, just stars in the same general direction as seen from Earth.

Only the nearest galaxies are visible to the naked eye, as relatively faint smudges of light, although two of the very nearest galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds, are visible are moderately large clouds from the Southern hemisphere.

Motions in the sky

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