A small lead ball, attached to a 1.10-m rope, is being whirled in a circle that lies in the vertical plane. The ball is whirled at a constant rate of three revolutions per second and is released on the upward part of the circular motion when it is 1.3 m above the ground. The ball travels straight upward. In the absence of air resistance, to what maximum height above the ground does the ball rise

1.84 m

Explanation:

For the small lead ball to be balanced at the tip of the vertical circle just before it is released, the reaction force , N equal the weight of the lead ball W + the centripetal force, F. This normal reaction ,N also equals the tension T in the string.

So, T = mg + mrω² = ma where m = mass of small lead ball, g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s², r = length of rope = 1.10 m and ω = angular speed of lead ball = 3 rev/s = 3 × 2π rad/s = 6π rad/s = 18.85 rad/s and a = acceleration of normal force. So,

a = g + rω²

= 9.8 m/s² + 1.10 m × (18.85 rad/s)²

= 9.8 m/s² + 390.85 m/s²

= 400.65 m/s²

Now, using v² = u² + 2a(h₂ - h₁)  where u = initial velocity of ball = rω = 1.10 m × 18.85 rad/s = 20.74 m/s, v = final velocity of ball at maximum height = 0 m/s (since the ball is stationary at maximum height), a = acceleration of small lead ball = -400.65 m/s² (negative since it is in the downward direction of the tension), h₁ = initial position of lead ball above the ground = 1.3 m and h₂ = final position of lead ball above the ground = unknown.

v² = u² + 2a(h₂ - h₁)

So, v² - u² = 2a(h₂ - h₁)

h₂ - h₁ =  (v² - u²)/2a

h₂ =  h₁ + (v² - u²)/2a

substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

h₂ =  1.3 m + ((0 m/s)² - (20.74 m/s)²)/2(-400.65 m/s²)

h₂ =  1.3 m + [-430.15 (m/s)²]/-801.3 m/s²

h₂ =  1.3 m + 0.54 m

h₂ =  1.84 m

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