The Mach-Zehnder interferometer pictured below has side lengths of 23 cm and 46 cm, the light has a wavelength of 500 nm. Reflection from the beam-splitter introduces a phase shift of =4,
whilst transmission through beam splitters and reflection from mirrors have zero phase shift..

Which of the following statements is true about women and minorities in early psychology? a. in the early 20th century, numerous graduate schools recruited women and minorities to study psychology. b. opportunities in higher education were limited for women and minorities in the early 20th century due to discrimination. c. despite some obstacles, there were numerous employment opportunities for women and minorities. d. women and minorities were often selected to do academic research in an effort to make the field more diverse.

The particle in a two-dimensional well is a useful model for the motion of electrons around the indole ring (3), the conjugated cycle found in the side chain of tryptophan. we may regard indole as a rectangle with sides of length 280 pm and 450 pm, with 10 electrons in the conjugated p system. as in case study 9.1, we assume that in the ground state of the molecule each quantized level is occupied by two electrons. (a) calculate the energy of an electron in the highest occupied level. (b) calculate the frequency of radiation that can induce a transition between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied levels. 9.27 electrons around the porphine ring (4), the conjugated macrocycle that forms the structural basis of the heme group and the chlorophylls. we may treat the group as a circular ring of radius 440 pm, with 20 electrons in the conjugated system moving along the perimeter of the ring. as in exercise 9.26, assume that in the ground state of the molecule quantized each level is occupied by two electrons. (a) calculate the energy and angular momentum of an electron in the highest occupied level. (b) calculate the frequency of radiation that can induce a transition between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied levels.

How many times did thomas edison mess up the light bulb