Galileo Galilei, who has been called the Father of Modern Science, once said, "In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual." What does Galileo's statement indicate about scientific information? a. Anyone can build consensus to popularize a scientific idea.
b. Scientific questions can only be decided by scientists working independently.
c. Anyone can use data to challenge a scientific theory, even if that theory is highly popular.
d. Only a few people have the ability to understand the primary scientific challenges of any age.

Plss anybody know how to do this? ? i need the answers from a through d

Dinate system, and a charge q = - 2.00 nc is placed s2 10 n> c. (a) what is the change in electric potential energy when the dipole moment of a molecule changes its orientation with respect to es from parallel to perpendicular? (b) at what absolute temperature t is the average translational kinetic energy 32 kt of a molecule equal to the change in potential energy calculated in part(: abovethistemperature,thermalagitationprevents the dipoles from aligning with the electric field.) placed in a uniform electric field e with magnitude 1.6 * 6 on the positive x-axis at x = 4.00 cm. (a) if a third charge q3 = +6.00 nc is now placed at the point x = 4.00 cm, y = 3.00 cm, find the x- and y-components of the total force exerted on this charge by the other two. (b) find the magnitude and direction of figure p21.62 ll uu 21.55 . torque on a dipole. an electric dipole with dipole moment ps is in a uniform external electric field es. (a) find the orientations of the dipole for which the torque on the dipole is zero. (b) which of the orientations in part (a) is stable, and which is unstable? (hint: consider a small rotation away from the equi- librium position and see what happens.) (c) show that for the stable orientation in part (b), the dipole’s own electric field tends to oppose the external field. 21.62 ..

If a simple machine reduces the strength of a force, what must be increased?