According to kepler's third law, all orbits with the same semimajor axis have the same period. The two orbits in figure 5.4 have the same value for A and thus must have the same P, but how is this possible when the orbits have such different eccentricities?

You need to be more specific.  i really don't know what a "motion map" is.you can draw a graph of an object's position, distance, displacement, speed,velocity, or acceleration versus time, or you can draw a graph of the object's x-position versus its y-position and not give any information about time at all.if the graph presents position or displacement against time,  then constant velocity is a straight line . . i.e. a line that has  constant slope.if the graph shows speed against time, then constant velocityis a horizontal piece of line.if the graph shows acceleration against time, then constant  velocity is a piece of line that lies on the x-axis . . it's value is zero. 

The upward force acting on the wing of a airplane in flight is known as the "lift" force. (d)