The ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to remove an electron from the atom. In the Bohr model, the ionization energy equals the energy difference between the lowest energy level n = 1 , in which the electron is closest to the nucleus, and the energy level n = [infinity] , which has an infinite radius.

Aheat engine running backward is called a refrigerator if its purpose is to extract heat from a cold reservoir. the same engine running backward is called a heat pump if its purpose is to exhaust warm air into the hot reservoir. heat pumps are widely used for home heating. you can think of a heat pump as a refrigerator that is cooling the already cold outdoors and, with its exhaust heat qh, warming the indoors. perhaps this seems a little silly, but consider the following. electricity can be directly used to heat a home by passing an electric current through a heating coil. this is a direct, 100% conversion of work to heat. that is, 19.0 \rm kw of electric power (generated by doing work at the rate 19.0 kj/s at the power plant) produces heat energy inside the home at a rate of 19.0 kj/s. suppose that the neighbor's home has a heat pump with a coefficient of performance of 4.00, a realistic value. note: with a refrigerator, "what you get" is heat removed. but with a heat pump, "what you get" is heat delivered. so the coefficient of performance of a heat pump is k=qh/win. an average price for electricity is about 40 mj per dollar. a furnace or heat pump will run typically 200 hours per month during the winter. what does one month's heating cost in the home with a 16.0 kw electric heater? what does one month's heating cost in the home of a neighbor who uses a heat pump to provide the same amount of heating?

Water is siphoned from a large tank and discharges into the atmosphere through a 50-mm diameter tube. the end of the tube is b = 2.1 m below the tank bottom which is a = 7.4 m deep, and viscous effects are negligible. determine the maximum height h over which the water can be siphoned without cavitation occurring. atmospheric pressure is 101.4 kpa, and the water vapor pressure is 1.79 kpa (absolute)

Urgent pls a. coal consumption levels off and remains flat. b. petroleum, natural gas, and renewables show an increase in consumption c. more nonrenewable resources continued to be consumed than renewable. d. there is little projected increase in nuclear energy use. e. carbon dioxide emissions are projected to decline as we approach 2040. global energy consumption is defined as the total energy used by an individual or organizations from around the world. use the graph above to analyze the projected energy consumption from now until 2040. which statements in the prompt apply? a) a, b, d b) b, c, d c) a, c, d d) a, b, c, d