If a 3.1g ring is heated using 10.0 J, its temperature rises 19.7°C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the ring.

Since 10 J / 4.19 J /cal = 2.39 cal     is the heat absorbed by the ring

Q = Cs * m * (T2 - T1)      heat absorbed by ring

Cs = 2.39 cal / (3.1 g * 19.7 deg C) = .039 cal / (gm deg C)

the velocity you are looking for is made up of two parts: horizontally velocity, vh, and its vertical velocity, vv. the actual velocity of the ball will be these two parts added together, and because velocity is a vector then they will need to be added vectorially.  

neglecting air resistance etc etc.,  

the horizontal velocity component will be constant (because there is no accelerating force in the horizontal direction.  

vh = 8 ms-1  

the vertical velocity component has an accelerating force: 'g'.  

using v = u +at where a = g = 9.81 ms-2.  

the vertical component of velocity, vv = 0 + gt = vv =9.81 x 2  

vv = 19.62 ms-1 . the zero appears because the virtical component of velocity at time t=0 is zero. remember, the ball was thrown horizontally.  

how fast it will be moving (it actual path (being a parabola )) will be the vector sum of these two.  

adding vectorally gives: -  

v = sqr root (8^2 + 19.62^2) = sqr root(64+384.9) = 21.18 or 21.2 ms-1

c. newton's third law of motion