When would a scientific model be changed

Iwill give brainliest if you answer right : )

Aprotein molecule in an electrophoresis gel has a negative charge. the exact charge depends on the ph of the solution, but 30 excess electrons is typical. what is the magnitude of the electric force on a protein with this charge in a 1600n/c electric field? write in two significant numbers, and also in newton

What will happen in a hybrid vehicle if current flow becomes too high due to a short?