For years, the tallest tower in the United States was the Phoenix Shot Tower in Baltimore, Maryland. The shot tower was used from 1828 to1892 to make lead shot for pistols and rifles and molded shot for cannons and other instruments of warfare. Molten lead was dropped from the top of the 82.15 m tall tower into a vat of water. During its free fall, the lead would form a perfectly spherical droplet and solidify. Determine the velocity of the droplet right before it hits the ground.

The velocity of the droplet right before it hits the ground is 40.08 m/s.

Explanation:

To determine the velocity of the droplet right before it hits the ground,

From one of the equations of kinematic for free fall motions,

v = u + gt

Where v is the final velocity

u is the initial velocity

g is acceleration due to gravity (take g = 9.8 m/s²)

and t is time

For the question, v is the velocity of the droplet right before it hits the ground.

u = 0 m/s (Since the molten lead was dropped from rest)

Therefore,

v = gt

First, we will determine the time t

Also, from one of the equations of kinematic for free fall motions,

h = ut + 1/2(gt²)

u = 0 m/s

From the question, the molten lead was dropped from the top of the 82.15 m tall tower, therefore

h = 82.15

Hence,

82.15 = 0×t + 1/2 (9.8 × t²)

82.15 = 1/2 (9.8 × t²)

82.15 = 4.9 t²

t² = 82.15/4.9

∴ t = 4.09 secs

Now, for the velocity v, of the droplet right before it hits the ground,

Recall

v = gt

Then,

v = 9.8 × 4.09

v = 40.08 m/s

Hence, the velocity of the droplet right before it hits the ground is 40.08 m/s.

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