When the bonded elements have a difference in electronegativity greater than 1.5 to 1.7. Subtract the electronegativities for the following pairs of elements and predict whether they form ionic bonds
Electronegativity difference of F and Cl?

Yes or no? What’s the electronegative difference?

Follow these directions and answer the questions. 1. set up the ripple tank as in previous investigations. 2. bend the rubber tube to form a "concave mirror" and place in the ripple tank. the water level must be below the top of the hose. 3. generate a few straight pulses with the dowel and observe the reflected waves. do the waves focus (come together) upon reflection? can you locate the place where the waves meet? 4. touch the water surface where the waves converged. what happens to the reflected wave? 5. move your finger twice that distance from the hose (2f = c of c, center of the curvature) and touch the water again. does the image (the reflected wave) appear in the same location (c of c)? you may have to experiment before you find the exact location. sometimes it is hard to visualize with the ripple tank because the waves move so quickly. likewise, it is impossible to "see" light waves because they have such small wavelengths and move at the speed of light. however, both are examples of transverse waves and behave in the same way when a parallel wave fronts hit a curved surface.

Place several e-field sensors at a few points on different equipotential lines, and look at the relationship between the electric field and the equipotential lines. which statement is true? 1-at any point, the electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential line at that point, and it is directed toward lines of higher voltages. 2-at any point, the electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential line at that point, and it is directed toward lines of lower voltages. 3-at any point, the electric field is parallel to the equipotential line at that point.

Panel bc in fig. p2.76 is semi-circular, with the 3 meter radius and horizontal straight edge through point b. compute (a) the hydrostatic force of the water on the panel, (b) its center of pressure, and (c) the moment of this force about point b. assume atmospheric pressure on the dry side of the panel