Please help me this is important!

During physical science, ms. greene challenged her students to produce an energy transformation. james and jill wrapped a 4-inch nail with a coil of fifty turns of wire. they connected one end of the coil to one terminal of a knife switch. they connected the other terminal of the knife switch to the battery. finally, they connected the end of the coil to the other terminal of the battery. james held the tip of a 1-inch nail near the flat end of the 4-inch nail. jill closed the knife switch quickly and then opened it. the 1-inch nail was pulled toward the 4-inch nail. what is the best explanation of why the nail moved? a) electrical energy was converted to mechanical energy in the 1-inch nail. b) the 4-inch nail became an electromagnet and the magnetic force attracted the 1-inch nail. c) the electric current in the 4-inch nail was converted to mechanical energy in the 1-inch nail. d) the 4-inch nail had a positive charge and the 1-inch nail had a negative charge. opposites attracted.

Emmy kicks a soccer ball up at an angle of 45° over a level field. she watches the ball's trajectory and notices that it lands, two seconds after being kicked, about 20 m away to the north. assume that air resistance is negligible, and plot the horizontal and vertical components of the ball's velocity as a function of time. consider only the time that the ball is in the air, after being kicked but before landing. take "north" and "up" as the positive ‑ and ‑directions, respectively, and use ≈10 m/s2 for the downward acceleration due to gravity.

How do you know how many valence electrons an atom has?