What does the lines
between atoms represent?and howThe lines between molecules?

Two polarizers are oriented at 70∘∘ to one another. unpolarized light falls on them. what fraction of the light intensity is transmitted?

Under the action of a constant force an object accelerates at 7.8 m/s2. what will the acceleration be if (a) the force is halved? (b) the object's mass is halved? (c) the force and the object's mass are both halved? (d) the force is halved and the object's mass is doubled?

The two stars in a certain binary star system move in circular orbits. the first star, alpha, has an orbital speed of 36 km/s. the second star, beta, has an orbital speed of 12 km/s. the orbital period is 137 d. a) what is the mass of the star alpha? b) what is the mass of the star beta?