I don’t understand how to do this

Edward tolman explained the results of his study by theorizing that the rats were learning about the maze during every trial but they a. were agitated because other groups were getting reinforcement b. could not remember how to demonstrate it without reinforcement c. were not motivated to demonstrate it without reinforcement d. seemed to be too lazy to actually work without reinforcement

What is a view of science and psychology that says the value of knowledge depends on its usefulness? a. pragmatism b. psychotherapy c. physiology

What organization and environment is described above?