8) Billy, a mountain goat, is rock climbing on his favorite slope one sunny spring morning when a rock resting on a ledge 40.0 m above falls toward him. How long does Billy have to duck and avoid injury? (Hint: What causes the rock to fall downward?)

Aparticle travels in a circular orbit of radius 21 m. its speed is changing at a rate of 23.1 m/s2 at an instant when its speed is 37.2 m/s. what is the magnitude of the acceleration (in m/s? ) of the particle?

In the sport of parasailing, a person is attached to a rope being pulled by a boat while hanging from a parachute-like sail. a rider is towed at a constant speed by a rope that is at an angle of 15 ∘ from horizontal. the tension in the rope is 1900 n. the force of the sail on the rider is 30∘ from horizontal. what is the weight of the rider? express your answer with the appropriate units.

You are a sales representative for a company that makes a new alternate fuel for vehicles. you have prepared a presentation for the environmental engineers to sell your new product. what question do you expect the audience to ask regarding whether the new fuel will cause less damage to the environment? a. do we have to change any parts of the vehicle to use this alternate fuel? b. will the vehicles get better fuel mileage with the alternate fuel? c. how much greenhouse gas does your fuel produce compared with current fuel sources? d. is the alternate fuel more expensive than fossil fuel?