Fiber Bragg Gratings A fiber Bragg Grating is written in a fiber (n=1.5) with a strength = 2em and length = 2 cm at 2=1550nm. a) What is the bandwidth of the grating in nm? b) What is the Reflectivity (in %) and Transmission (in dB)? c) If this grating were written in birefringent fiber where the difference in refractive index for the two polarizations, An = 10, what is the separation in grating wavelengths for the two polarizations? d) Will this grating be any good for filtering unpolarized light?

Astudent looks at ocean waves coming into the beach. an ocean wave with more energy will a) have a greater height. b) have a greater period. c) travel toward the beach faster. d) strike the beach with greater frequency.

Chapter 23, problem 075 the figure shows a geiger counter, a device used to detect ionizing radiation (radiation that causes ionization of atoms). the counter consists of a thin, positively charged central wire surrounded by a concentric, circular, conducting cylindrical shell with an equal negative charge. thus, a strong radial electric field is set up inside the shell. the shell contains a low-pressure inert gas. a particle of radiation entering the device through the shell wall ionizes a few of the gas atoms. the resulting free electrons (e) are drawn to the positive wire. however, the electric field is so intense that, between collisions with gas atoms, the free electrons gain energy sufficient to ionize these atoms also. more free electrons are thereby created, and the process is repeated until the electrons reach the wire. the resulting "avalanche" of electrons is collected by the wire, generating a signal that is used to record the passage of the original particle of radiation. suppose the radius of the central wire is 24 âµm, the inner radius of the shell 2.3 cm, and the length of the shell 14 cm. if the electric field at the shell's inner wall is 2.8 ă— 104 n/c, what is the total positive charge on the central wire?

Do you agree with scientist’s prediction about the warming of alaska and other polar regions?