In a front-end collision, a 1500 kg car with shock-absorbing bumpers can withstand a maximumforce of 80 000 N before damage occurs. If the maximum speed for a non-damaging collision is4.0 km/h, by how much must the bumper be able to move relative to the car

The bumper will be able to move by 0.01155m.

Explanation:

The magnitude of deceleration of the car in the front end collision.

This is the deceleration of the car that is generated to stop due to a front end collision.

4 km/h = 1.11 m/s

Now, the initial speed of the bumper in the relation of car, Vi = 0

Now, the initial speed of the bumper in the relation of car, Vf = 1.11 m/s

Use the below equation:

Thus, the bumper can move relative to the car is 0.01155 m .

freezing

deposition

condensation

explanation;

melting also called fusion is the process where solid becomes liquid, sublimation is the process where solid becomes gaseous without first changing to liquid, deposition involves change from gaseous to solid state, freezing involves change from liquid to solid, boiling or evaporation involves change of liquid to gaseous state, while condensation is the change from gaseous state to liquid state.

endothermic reactions involves absorption of heat from the surroundings or the environment while exothermic reactions involves loss of heat energy to the surroundings.

in this case, sublimation, evaporation and melting are endothermic reactions (gain energy from the environment) while, freezing, deposition and condensation are exothermic (loss of energy to the surroundings) reactions.

b) phosphorus pentoxide