Unpolarized light is incident upon two ideal polarizing filters that do not have their transmission axes aligned. If of the light passes through this combination, what is the angle between the transmission axes of the two filters

The angle between the transmission axes of the filters is 65°

Explanation:

The complete question is

Unpolarized light is incident upon two ideal polarizing filters that do not have their transmission axes aligned. If 18% of the light passes through this combination, what is the angle between the transmission axes of the two filters.

From Malus law,

   ....1

where is the intensity of the polarized light,

is the intensity of the incident light

β the angle between the transmission axes of the two filters

Since the intensity is reduced to 18% or 0.18 of its initial value, this means that

= 0.18

substituting into the equation above, we have

   ....2

equating the two equations, we have

=

= = 0.18

= = 0.424

= = 64.9 ≅ 65°

electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

from wikipedia