Ozone molecules in the stratosphere absorb much of the harmful radiation from the sun. How many ozone molecules are present in 2.00 L of air under the stratospheric ozone conditions of 275 K temperature and 1.89 × 10−3 atm pressure?

1.01×10^20 molecules of ozone.

Explanation:

Data obtained from the question include:

Volume (V) = 2 L

Temperature (T) = 275 K

Pressure (P) = 1.89×10¯³ atm

Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol

Number of mole (n) of ozone =.?

Using the ideal gas equation, we can obtain the number of mole of ozone as follow:

PV = nRT

1.89×10¯³ x 2 = n x 0.0821 x 275

Divide both side by 0.0821 x 275

n = (1.89×10¯³ x 2) /(0.0821 x 275)

n = 1.67×10¯⁴ mole.

Therefore the number of mole of ozone in 2 L of air is 1.67×10¯⁴ mole.

Finally, we shall determine the number of molecules present in 1.67×10¯⁴ mole of ozone.

This can be obtained as follow:

From Avogadro's hypothesis, 1 mole of any substance contains 6.02×10²³ molecules. This implies that 1 mole of ozone contains 6.02×10²³ molecules.

If 1 mole of ozone contains 6.02×10²³ molecules,

therefore, 1.67×10¯⁴ mole of ozone will contain = 1.67×10¯⁴ x 6.02×10²³ = 1.01×10^20 molecules.

Therefore, 1.01×10^20 molecules of ozone are present in 2 L of air.

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.