In a circuit, energy is transferred to a charge.
Where is this energy transferred from?

Electric current.

Explanation:

The energy result from electric current resulting from potential differences between terminals which form an Electric circuit. This energy could come from different sources like chemical, wind, light

An electric circuit is one where there is movement of electrons;this electrons acquire charge which is energy. The electrons flow due to a potential difference; you have heard water flows from a higher position to a lower one freely. The highest height is said to be at higher potential and the lower point low potential.

So it's the same with electrons.

The formular for energy on charge is Q= I × t where I is electric current and t is time.

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