What is the hybridization of phosphorus in each of the molecules or ions?

The hybridization of phosphorus in each of the molecules are :

i) For   PCl₃ :    SP³

ii) For   PBr₅ :   SP³d

iii) For P₄O₆ :   SP³

iv) For  PO₄³ :   SP³

v) For   P₄ :        SP³

The hybridization of phosphorus when phosphorus is bonded to three atoms the hybrid orbital formed is SP³ where the lone pair not used during bond formation will occupy one of the hybrid orbitals.  while

When Phosphorus is bonded to five ( 5 ) atoms, the hybrid orbital formed ( hybridization of Phosphorus ) is SP³d because all valence electrons of phosphorus will be utilized.

Hence we can conclude that The hybridization of phosphorus in each of the molecules are as listed above.

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PCl3- sp3

PBr5- sp3d

P4O6- sp3

PO4^3- sp3

P4- sp3

Explanation:

Hybridization refers to the combination of atomic orbitals to yield hybrid orbitals of equal energy.

Hybridization occurs between atomic orbitals that are relatively close to each other in energy. The number of atomic orbitals involved in the hybridization is the same as the total number of hybrid orbitals formed.

Whenever phosphorus is bonded to three other atoms, the phosphorus atom is sp3 hybridized. The lone pair on phosphorus atom occupies one of the hybrid orbitals. When phosphorus is bonded to five atoms, the hybridization of the phosphorus atom is sp3d. All valence electrons are utilized in bond formation.