What occurs when a sound wave causes an object to vibrate at a natural frequency?

Movement is caused in air molecules when an object vibrates. These molecules bump into the molecules close to them, causing them to vibrate as well. Then a chain reaction occurs when other molecules start bumping into each other more and more until they run out of energy, this is sound waves.

that tool is called an altimeter which measures your altitude which can be used to tell which atmosphere you are currently in, including the stratosphere.

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