Which option BEST explains how thermal equilibrium interacts with heat transfer between particles?

In 1995 a research group led by eric cornell and carl wiemann at the university of colorado successfully cooled rubidium atoms to the 20-200 nk temperature range. assuming (incorrectly) that the rubidium atoms behave liké particles of a classical ideal gas, calculate the rms speed of a rubidium atom at a temperature of 112.0 nk. in the experiments one particular isotope of rubidium was used, rubidium-87. the molar mass of this isotope is 86.91 q/mol. tries 0/20 submit answer

Two point charges are on the y axis. a 3.90-µc charge is located at y = 1.25 cm, and a -2.4-µc charge is located at y = −1.80 cm. (a) find the total electric potential at the origin. v (b) find the total electric potential at the point whose coordinates are (1.50 cm, 0). v

Asheet of steel 1.5 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200oc and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. the diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 x 10- 11 m2 /s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 x 10-7 kg/m2 -s. also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m3 . how far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m3 ? assume a linear concentration profile.