Brittany stands at rest on a skateboard. The combined mass of Brittany and the skateboard is 62 kg. Dave tosses a 3.7-kg pumpkin to Brittany, and when she catches it, she and the skateboard begin to roll backward with a speed of 0.18 m/s.
What was the speed of the pumpkin?

3.196 m/s

Explanation:

Parameters given:

Mass of Brittany and the skateboard, M = 62 kg

Mass of pumpkin, m = 3.7 kg

Initial speed of Brittany and the skateboard, U = 0 m/s

Final velocity of Brittany, the skateboard and the pumpkin, V = v = 0.18 m/s

We can solve this problem by applying the principle of conservation of momentum.

It states that the total final momentum of a system is equal to the total initial momentum of the system.

M*U + m*u = M*V + m*v

Where u is the initial velocity of the pumpkin.

Since the final velocity of Brittany and the skateboard is equal to the final velocity of pumpkin:

M*U + m*u = (M + m) *v

Solving this to get u:

(62 * 0) + (3.7 * u) = (62 + 3.7) * 0.18

0 + 3.7u = 65.7 * 0.18

3.7u = 11.826

u = 11.826 / 3.7

u = 3.196 m/s

The initial velocity of the pumpkin was 3.196 m/s.

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the moon affects the earth gravitation ally, causing certain motions of that body and also producing tides in its ocean and atmosphere. the tidal wave in our atmosphere is, however, far too minute to be an effective cause in any known meteorological phenomenon.

explanation: