Physics, 22.04.2020 19:36 sahergi15

How many resonance structures does aniline have after the first step of electrophilic aromatic substitution?

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Answer from: s661103

Electrophilic aromatic substitution involves a process in an atom that is attached to an aromatic system is replaced by a electrophile. Electrophile is an electron pair acceptor. In the first step of electrophilic aromatic substitution of aniline, aniline has 3 resonance structures.

Explanation:

Aniline undergo a two step electrophilic aromatic substitution. The first step yields both ortho and para groups while the last yield a meta group.

In the first step, the amino group of aniline are strong activating group and ortho/para directing by resonance. This amino groups donates their unshared electrons to the pi-system creating a negative charge on the ortho and para positions. These positions are most reactive towards an electron-poor electrophile.

In the second step, the electrophilic aromatic substitution on aniline proceeds quite slowly to give an unexpected high yield of meta product.

How many resonance structures does aniline have after the first step of electrophilic aromatic subst

Answer from: Quest

if the person is shown to have +90n, then ans is -10n.

if the person is shown to have -90n, then ans is +10n.

Answer from: Quest

russian is not my first language, so i'm afraid i can't write out an answer in russian, but hopefully you can find a way to do so. here's my best translation of the problem: you're given a plot of a particle's position in one-dimensional space over time, and you're asked to find either the total distance traveled by the particle after 6 seconds had elapsed, or the total displacement of the particle after 6 seconds.

if you want the total distance traveled, you would first need to determine the particle's velocity as a function of time, then integrate that over the 6-second interval. we know the position function is quadratic with roots at 0 and 6, so we have

$x(t)=ax(x-6)$

where $a$ is unknown. because the position is parabolic, there is symmetry about the midpoint at $t=3$ , and we know that

$x(3)=10\implies -9a=10\implies a=-\dfrac{10}9$

so that the position function is

$x(t)=-\dfrac{10}9x(x-6)$

which means the velocity is

$v(t)=\dfrac{\mathrm dx}{\mathrm dt}=-\dfrac{20}9x+\dfrac{60}9$

then the total distance traveled is

$\displaystyle\int_{t=0}^{t=6}|v(t)|\,\mathrm dt=\left\{\int_{t-0}^{t=3}-\int_{t=3}^{t=6}\right\}v(t)\,\mathrm dt=20$

so the total distance traveled is 20 m.

on the other hand, if you want to find displacement: the particle starts at $x=0$ and ends at $x=0$ , so its displacement is 0.

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