1. (4 pts) We use Fst to measure the number of migrants per generation (Nm) by assuming a balance between the effects of a differentiating evolutionary force and a cohesive evolutionary force. Name those two forces. (Hint, think of the computer simulations of migration)

As part of an industrial process, air as an ideal gas at 10 bar, 400k expands at steady state through a valve to a pressure of 4 bar. the mass flow rate of air is 0.5 kg/s. the air then passes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to a temperature of 295k with negligible change in pressure. the valve can be modeled as a throttling process, and kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. (a) for a control volume enclosing the valve and heat exchanger and enough of the local surroundings that the heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 295 k, determine the rate of entropy production, in kw/k. (b) if the expansion valve were replaced by an adiabatic turbine operating isentropically, what would be the entropy production? compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss.

The mantle is made up of which structural zones?

Humidity is to blame for that muggy, steamy feeling you experience on some hot summer days. what gas in the atmosphere causes humidity? a) oxygen b) hydrogen c) nitrogen d) water vapor