A very small round ball is located near a large solid sphere of uniform density. The force that the large sphere exerts on the ball

a) is independent of the mass of the ball.
b) is independent of the mass of the sphere.
c) can only be calculated using calculus.
d) is exactly the same as it would be if all the mass of the sphere were concentrated at the center of the sphere.
e) is approximately the same as it would be if all the mass of the sphere were concentrated at the center of the sphere.