Onsider a charge −푞located a small distance z above the center of a positively charged ring with total charge +Q and radius R (see example 23.4). Define a coordinate system. Draw a pictorial representation of this physical situation and label any quantities of interest.

Answermuch larger;

Answer;

hot magma rises and pushes up toward the lithosphere, and as it cools it cycles back down toward the core to be heated again.

explanation; convection currents are the circular pathways taken by a fluid that enhances heat transfer by the process known as convection which occurs in fluids.convection currents transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid. earth mantle is in a semi-liquid state and behaves like any other fluid, rising up from the bottom of the mantle after becoming hotter and less dense from heat of the earth's core, as the rock loses heat into the earth's crust it becomes cooler and more dense, then sinking back down to the core, then repeating the cycle.

Fb is the magnetic force  q is the chargev is the velocity of the charge  b is the magnetic field  the equation is: f=|q|vbsin0