(1) A hydraulic press is used to lift heavy objects. It consists of a U-tube, one end having a large cross-sectional area A1, the other having a small cross-sectional area A2. The tube is filled with an incompressible fluid and the load is placed on A1. The load is lifted a distance Δx 1 by applying a force to piston A2, moving it a distance Δx 2. (1-1) If the force applied is F2, what load can be lifted?

The load that can be lifted is equal to the weight W = F2A1/A2

Explanation:

According to Pascal principle which states that the pressure applied to a liquid confined in a container will be transmitted equally to all other parts of the container.

Since pressure = Force/Area

The force F2 applied at one end of the piston will generate a pressure of F2/A2. This pressure generated will be transmitted to the other end of the piston of area A1 to lift the load through a distance.

The piston where the load is will experience an upward force F1 which is equal to Pressure × Area.

The pressure experienced by the load is applied by force F2.

Force on the load = (Pressure exerted by Force F2) × Area at the larger end A1

Force on the load = F2/A2 × A1

Since the load experiences a weight W

The weight will be equal to the force on the load which is to be lifted i.e W =Force on the load.

W = F2A1/A2

The load that can be lifted is equal to the weight W = F2A1/A2

temp rises, and expansion

force required to detach it is given by

charges are taken to be fundamental charge

now we have

so above is the minimum distance at which it will detach