For a machine with 35-cm -diameter wheels, what rotational frequency (in rpm) do the wheels need to pitch a 85 mph fastball?

The rotational frequency must be 2073.56 rpm

Explanation:

Notice that we need to obtain a rotational frequency in "rpm" (revolutions per minute), so we better start by converting all the given information into the appropriate units:

The magnitude of the velocity for the pitch is given in miles per hour, while the diameter of the machine's wheels is given in cm. Let's reduce all units of length into meters(using the metric system), and the units of time into minutes.

Conversion of the 85 mph  speed into meters per minute:

Recall that 1 mile equals 1609.34 meters, and that 1 hour equals 60 minutes, so we write:

which can be rounded to approximately 2280 m/min.

We also convert the 35 cm diameter into meters:

diameter = 0.35 m

Now we use the equation that relates angular velocity (w) and the radius (R) of the circular movement, with tangential velocity (), in order to obtain the angular velocity of the wheel:

but recall that this angular velocity is given in radians per unit of time. So first find the radius of the wheel (half its diameter). R = 0.175 m

So we have:

And now, recalling that radians equal one revolution, we convert the angular velocity ot revolutions per minute by dividing the "w" we found by :

rotational frequency =