A bullet of mass 0.1 kg traveling horizontally at a speed of 100 m/s embeds itself in a block of mass 3 kg that is sitting at rest on a nearly frictionless surface. (a) What is the speed of the block after the bullet embeds itself in the block? v = m/s (b) Calculate the kinetic energy of the bullet plus the block before the collision: Ki = J (c) Calculate the kinetic energy of the bullet plus the block after the collision: Kf = J

(a) the speed of the block after the bullet embeds itself in the block is 3.226 m/s

(b) the kinetic energy of the bullet plus the block before the collision is 500J

(c) the kinetic energy of the bullet plus the block after the collision is 16.13J

Explanation:

Given;

mass of bullet, m₁ = 0.1 kg

initial speed of bullet, u₁ = 100 m/s

mass of block, m₂ = 3 kg

initial speed of block, u₂ = 0

Part (A)

Applying the principle of conservation linear momentum, for inelastic collision;

m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = v(m₁ + m₂)

where;

v is the speed of the block after the bullet embeds itself in the block

(0.1 x 100) + (3 x 0) = v (0.1 + 3)

10 = 3.1v

v = 10/3.1

v = 3.226 m/s

Part (B)

Initial Kinetic energy

Ki = ¹/₂m₁u₁² + ¹/₂m₂u₂²

Ki =  ¹/₂(0.1 x 100²) +  ¹/₂(3 x 0²)

Ki = 500 + 0

Ki = 500 J

Part (C)

Final kinetic energy

Kf = ¹/₂m₁v² + ¹/₂m₂v²

Kf = ¹/₂v²(m₁ + m₂)

Kf = ¹/₂ x 3.226²(0.1 + 3)

Kf = ¹/₂ x 3.226²(3.1)

Kf = 16.13 J

54 degrees incident angle = reflected angle

angle is from normal turned to line of ray

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