6
Fig. 6.1 shows a piece of apparatus used to show the transfer of thermal energy in liquids.
crystals
coloured water
glass
water
tube
heat
The glass tube is filled with cold water. Crystals that dissolve slowly are inserted into the bottom of
the tube. The water around the crystals becomes coloured.
When the glass tube is heated as shown in Fig. 6.1, the coloured water moves.
(a) (i) On Fig. 6.1, draw arrows indicating the direction of movement of the water in each section
of the tube.
(ii) State the name of this method of thermal energy transfer in the water.
(1)
FO
(b) Explain why the water moves in this way.

An  atom  (ours, not carroll's) consists of a positively charged  nucleus, surrounded by one or more negatively charged particles called  electrons. the positive charges equal the negative charges, so the atom has no overall charge; it is electrically neutral. most of an atom's mass is in its nucleus; the mass of an electron is only 1/1836 the mass of the lightest nucleus, that of hydrogen. although the nucleus is heavy, it is quite small compared with the overall size of an atom. the radius of a typical atom is around 0.1 to 0.25 nanometres (nm), whereas the radius of a nucleus is about 10-6  nm.  *  if an atom were enlarged to the size of the earth, its nucleus would be only 200 feet in diameter and could easily rest inside a small football stadium.read more on -

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