Autorhythmic cells can generate action potentials spontaneously because they have Autorhythmic cells can generate action potentials spontaneously because they have channels for Na+ and K+ that are always open. L-type Ca2+ channels. a net influx of Na+. unstable membrane potentials. prolonged Ca2+ influx.

Because of unstable membrane potentials

Explanation:

Autorhythmic cells are specialized cardiac muscle cells in the heart from which electrical impulses called action potentials originate. These cells can generate electrical impulses without any external simulations by the nerve cells. I.e. they are self – excitable.

Autorhythmic cells spontaneously create action potentials because they have an unstable resting or membrane potentials that continuously depolarizes, drifting slowly toward threshold. As sodium ions enter the cell, the inner surface of the plasma membrane gradually becomes less negative, generating the pacemaker potential.

Though their is an influx of sodium ions into the cell, the basic reason for the spontaneous generation of action potentials solely because of unstable membrane potentials. and not majorly due to the influx of sodium ion.

d

explanation:

v=uf/(u-f)

= 5.10/(5-10) convex lens has positive focal length

=50/-5

=-10 cm (formed at other side)