Estimate the kinetic energy (in GJ) of a 98,000 metric ton aircraft carrier moving at a speed of at 32 knots. You will need to look up the definition of a nautical mile to use in converting the unit for speed, where 1 knot equals 1 nautical mile per hour.

K = 13.276 GJ

Explanation:

Given:

Mass of the aircraft (m) = 98,000 metric ton

Speed of the aircraft (v) = 32 knots

Kinetic energy of the aircraft (K) = ?

We know that,

1 metric ton = 1000 kg

∴ 98,000 metric ton = 98,000 × 1000 = 9.8 × 10⁷ kg

Also, 1 knot = 1 nautical mile per hour

So, 32 knots = 32 nautical miles per hour

Converting nautical miles per hour to meter per second using the following conversions, we get:

1 nautical mile = 1852 m

1 hour = 3600 s

Therefore, 1 nautical mile per hour =

So, 32 nautical miles per hour =

Therefore, the mass and speed of the aircraft are:

Now, kinetic energy is given as:

Plug in the above values and solve for 'K'. This gives,

Now, we know that, 1 GJ = 10⁹ J

Therefore, the value of 'K' in terms of GJ is given as:

K = 13.276 GJ

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scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.