A ray of light bends upon entering a new medium. What is this phenomenon called?

The membrane surrounding a living cell consists of an inner and an outer wall that are separated by a small space. assume that the membrane acts like a parallel plate capacitor in which the effective charge density on the inner and outer walls has a magnitude of 7.0 × 10-6 c/m2. (a) what is the magnitude of the electric field within the cell membrane? (b) find the magnitude of the electric force that would be exerted on a potassium ion (k+; charge = +e) placed inside the membrane.

Aballet student who learns with the of his instructor is demonstrating learning.

You are given two vectors a⃗ =−3.00ι^ 5.00j^ and b⃗ =5.00ι^ 2.00j^. let the counterclockwise angles be positive.