1. Explain how a roller coaster can accelerate, even when it is moving at a constant
speed.

Going up or down changes the acceleration

Explanation:

A measure of the change in velocity during a period of time

An object accelerates when its velocity changes as a result of increasing speed, decreasing speed, or changing speed

final speed (m/s) - initial speed (m/s)

total time (s)

force is based upon mass and acceleration.the statement is not always true.

it can be explained from newton's second law of motion.

as per newton's second law of motion the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place along the direction of force.

mathematically it can be written as -

                                              ⇒      

here   k is the proportionality constant whose value is 1.

                                                            [a is the acceleration=dv/dt]

hence we see that force not only depends on mass and acceleration but also on velocity and rate of change of mass. force f will depend on mass and acceleration only when mass is constant.

hence the statement that force is based upon mass and acceleration is false.