Parigraph 29
Unlike the Drake Equation, Loeb’s math contains only one unknown variable: whether low-mass stars can host life. He hopes other scientists will investigate that question in the decades ahead. “Once we know that, it can be folded into my equation,” he says.

How does the author’s discussion of Loeb’s equation in paragraph 29 contribute to the development of ideas in the text?

A
It shows how Loeb’s equation depends on the use of the Drake Equation to determine both time and place for alien life.
B
It emphasizes the importance of identifying the likelihood of alien life before attempting to contact it.
C
It reveals how math guides scientists to get closer to finding the possibility of alien life, one variable at a time.
D
It shows how scientists’ contact with alien life relies on Loeb’s equation as it determines when aliens will exist.

luster is not a good characteristic to use by itself because luster is the property of minerals that indicates how much the surface of a mineral reflects light. the luster of a mineral is affected by the brilliance of the light used to observe the mineral surface.

russian is not my first language, so i'm afraid i can't write out an answer in russian, but hopefully you can find a way to do so. here's my best translation of the problem: you're given a plot of a particle's position in one-dimensional space over time, and you're asked to find either the total distance traveled by the particle after 6 seconds had elapsed, or the total displacement of the particle after 6 seconds.

if you want the total distance traveled, you would first need to determine the particle's velocity as a function of time, then integrate that over the 6-second interval. we know the position function is quadratic with roots at 0 and 6, so we have

where is unknown. because the position is parabolic, there is symmetry about the midpoint at , and we know that

so that the position function is

which means the velocity is

then the total distance traveled is

so the total distance traveled is 20 m.

on the other hand, if you want to find displacement: the particle starts at and ends at , so its displacement is 0.