Saturated steam at 232.1 kPa and 80% quality is being used to heat a liquid food by direct steam injection. The product enters the heating system at 200 kg/min and 158C, and leaves at 1058C. The specific heat of the product is 3.85 kJ/kgK and does not change significantly during the heating process. Estimate the steam requirement.

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Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

Need people build a dam to create a reservoir that supplies water a nearby city needs. describe two ways this action will likely affect the water cycle in the local environment. (5 points) worth 20 points